Indicators on CLBO Crystal You Should Know
Indicators on CLBO Crystal You Should Know
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All-good-point out ultraviolet lasers have been widely used in the fields of mechanical flaw detection, lithography, micromachining and medicine for some great benefits of compact quantity, long lifestyle, substantial effectiveness, very good beam excellent, huge tuning and slim spectral line, etcetera. Using higher electric power around-infrared coherent light-weight source as the basic frequency source determined by nonlinear tuning engineering, generating ultraviolet coherent radiation by multistage frequency conversion is viewed as an important way to establish the ultraviolet coherent gentle resource.
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We summarized The present enhancement position on the higher-ability DUV laser equally for the wavelength of FHG from the one-μm laser and at 193 nm. The current progress from the solid-point out/fiber laser, plus the nonlinear optical crystals, prompts don't just the typical electrical power but will also the beam top quality (coherence) from the DUV lasers to an unparalleled level.
For instance, The existing concave OC could be replaced by a plane mirror which could mitigate the facility density about the surface area of M1 and also the diamond. Moreover, working with large damage threshold coatings for M1 and diamond would also improve the output electrical power with none damages. Then, the NIR laser for the 2nd Stokes wavelength could possibly be higher more than enough, together with its excellent beam quality, to crank out the final DUV laser at 193 nm that has a superior typical electricity.
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As a result of thermal lens impact in the good-state lasers, If your heating management is insufficient, It is far from simple to obtain the good-condition laser by using a high ability along with a superior beam top quality simultaneously. A short while ago, with the development of the thin disk laser and one-crystal fiber (SCF) laser, a high-electrical power laser at the basic wavelength (one μm) were recognized with a fantastic beam quality even with a TEM00 mode beam [4,24], which would be very good candidates for the elemental with the DUV laser era. Yet another candidate for the elemental could be the substantial-electrical power fiber laser which might be achieved by coherent beam blend with M2 value fewer than one.
On another facet, the power scaling of your NIR laser is an additional element to enhance the regular energy of your 193-nm DUV laser. A result of the lack of the significant-energy amplification Option from the NIR laser (for instance at 1553 nm), nonlinear frequency processes including optical parameter oscillation (OPO) may very well be applied to make a wavelength converter by shifting the wavelength from one μm to the specified wavelength and getting relative bigger power [21]. Not too long ago, a diamond Raman laser showed its capability in attaining a large electrical power and also a significant conversion effectiveness at the 1st Stokes of your one-μm laser [22,23], which means the likelihood to get utilized inside the 193-nm DUV laser generation because of its superior Raman attain and huge frequency shift.
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The pulse period of the second Stokes gentle was shortened to 5 ns as proven in Determine 7a, one-shot picture within the oscilloscope, and that is a common phenomenon in Raman laser [forty four] whilst the heart beat duration with the pump laser was 10 ns.
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The conversion efficiency from elementary NIR to DUV is from 5% to 36% according to the described results in Table one. Growing the conversion effectiveness will lessen the burden on the design and set up of the elemental laser amplifier along with the electric power usage. A fantastic beam quality of the fundamental laser can even contribute for the expanding from the conversion efficiency and also the suitable ability depth of the NIR and inexperienced laser during the SHG and FHG process, respectively. The highest conversion efficiencies from NIR to green and green to DUV laser by use of CLBO crystal are 70% and around fifty%, respectively [twelve], which corresponds on the conversion effectiveness of 35% from basic to DUV.
The development with the 193-nm laser was demonstrated by phases of SFG. So that you can scale the DUV laser electricity correctly, a fresh idea with the 193-nm DUV laser generation is offered dependant on the diamond Raman laser.